Packaging Primer Market Size & Growth Report 2035
Packaging Primer Market (By Primer Chemistry: Water-Based Primers, Solvent-Based Primers, UV-Curable Primers, Other Primers; By Resin Type: Acrylic, Polyurethane, Polyolefin Dispersion, Epoxy, Other Resins; By Substrate: Plastic Film, Paper & Paperboard, Aluminum Foil, Glass, Other Substrates; By Packaging Format: Flexible Packaging, Rigid Packaging, Labels & Sleeves, Folding Cartons, Corrugated Packaging; By Functional Role: Print Adhesion, Lamination & Extrusion Adhesion, Barrier Enhancement, Surface Protection, Specialty Functionalization; By Application Process: Flexographic, Gravure, Digital Printing, Coating & Lamination, Other Processes; By End Use: Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical & Healthcare, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Household & Industrial, Other End Uses; By Region: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa)
The Global Packaging Primer Market size was estimated at USD 2.07 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 3.93 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 6.62% from 2026 to 2035. Packaging primers are becoming an increasingly strategic formulation layer as converters balance adhesion, print performance, barrier functionality, recyclability and regulatory compliance across increasingly complex packaging structures.
Key Highlights
- North America represented the largest regional market position in 2025, supported by sophisticated converting infrastructure and high-value food, healthcare and consumer packaging demand.
- Water-based primers represented the dominant chemistry segment, supported by converter requirements for lower-emission formulations and improved regulatory alignment.
- UV-curable and specialty functional primers represented the fastest-growing technology opportunity as digital printing, high-performance labels and specialized packaging applications expand.
- Multifunctional primer formulations combining adhesion with barrier, water-resistance or print-receptivity properties are reshaping formulation economics and reducing the number of coating layers required.
- Sustainability regulations, recyclable packaging targets and converter pressure to reduce solvent exposure are accelerating formulation migration toward water-based and energy-efficient systems.
- Strategic differentiation is shifting from commodity primer supply toward application engineering, substrate compatibility, regulatory documentation, line qualification and technical service.
Packaging Primer Market Overview
Packaging primers occupy an enabling position within the packaging coatings and converting value chain. Their commercial purpose extends beyond basic adhesion because they determine how inks, coatings, adhesives, extrusion layers and metallized surfaces interact with substrates during printing and conversion. Procurement decisions therefore combine formulation performance with line speed, drying behavior, substrate compatibility, regulatory status, shelf stability and total conversion economics.
Converters increasingly evaluate primers as process-enabling materials rather than isolated chemical inputs. A formulation that improves ink anchorage, prevents delamination or supports metallization can reduce production interruptions and improve finished-pack consistency. This shifts purchasing discussions toward application trials, technical validation and performance guarantees rather than unit price alone.
Packaging Primer Market
Forecast Period: 2025 - 2035
Source: Vantage Market Research
Deployment maturity differs across packaging formats. Flexible packaging has a technically advanced primer requirement because multilayer structures combine films, paper, foil, extrusion coatings, inks and adhesives. Labels and digitally printed packaging are creating additional demand for primers engineered around specific press architectures. Institutional buyers consequently prioritize suppliers with formulation breadth, application laboratories, regional technical support and reliable regulatory documentation.
| Market Snapshot | Details |
|---|---|
| Market Name | Global Packaging Primer Market |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2021–2024 |
| Forecast Period | 2026–2035 |
| Market Segmentation | By Primer Chemistry, By Resin Type, By Substrate, By Packaging Format, By Functional Role, By Application Process, By End Use |
| Regions Covered | North America (United States, Canada, Mexico); Europe (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Nordic Countries, Benelux Union, Rest of Europe); Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Australia, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia Pacific); Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America); Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Kuwait, South Africa, Rest of Middle East & Africa) |
| Market Analysis in | Revenue (USD Billion) |
| Market Size (2025) | USD 2.07 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 3.93 Billion |
| CAGR (2026–2035) | 6.62% |
| Company Profiles Covered | 15 Leading Global Companies |
| Report Coverage | Market Size, Market Share, Growth Analysis, Market Forecast, Value Chain Analysis, Pricing Analysis, Procurement Intelligence, Competitive Landscape, Technology Trends & Regional Insights |
| Report Pages | 250+ Pages |
| Report Format | PDF, Excel Data Pack & PPT |
| Customization | Up to 25% Free Customization |
| Delivery | 24–48 Hours |
| License Options | Single User, Multi User & Enterprise License |
| Analyst Support | One-Year Post-Sales Analyst Support |
| Analyst Contact | [email protected] |
Key Market Drivers & Industrial Demand Dynamics
Sustainability is restructuring formulation requirements across packaging conversion. Brand owners and converters are pursuing recyclable, downgauged and fiber-based structures without sacrificing adhesion or barrier performance. Primers provide an efficient interface between dissimilar materials, allowing packaging designers to preserve performance while reducing structural complexity. Water-based, PFAS-free and multifunctional formulations are therefore gaining procurement relevance, particularly where environmental specifications form part of supplier qualification. Michelman, for example, positions water-based primers around adhesion, barrier performance and recyclable packaging structures. The commercial implication is a shift from conventional adhesion products toward multifunctional chemistry that can support both performance and circular-design objectives. Suppliers with documented compliance and proven converter-line performance gain stronger positioning in specification-driven procurement.
The expansion of flexible packaging is another structural demand driver. Flexible formats require reliable bonding between polymer films, paper, aluminum and extrusion layers while maintaining resistance to moisture, oils, chemicals and mechanical stress. Primer performance directly influences lamination quality, metallization durability and package integrity. As converters operate at higher speeds, formulation stability and drying behavior become procurement criteria alongside adhesion. This favors suppliers capable of qualifying grades against individual substrates and equipment conditions. The strategic consequence is a more application-specific commercial model in which technical service and trial support influence supplier selection as strongly as formulation cost.
Digital printing is opening another commercially differentiated demand pool. Digital labels, folding cartons and short-run packaging require controlled ink receptivity across paper, films and synthetic substrates. Inline and offline primers allow converters to process substrates that otherwise present limitations for digital inks. Sun Chemical introduced an HP Indigo-approved primer in 2025 for label applications, while Michelman expanded development for HP Indigo pressure-sensitive label applications. These developments demonstrate how primer suppliers are increasingly aligning formulation roadmaps with specific press ecosystems. Procurement therefore extends beyond packaging chemistry into equipment compatibility, qualification support and print-process optimization.
Regulatory pressure is reinforcing substitution toward lower-emission and more recyclable formulations. VOC management, food-contact requirements, migration considerations and recyclability increasingly influence packaging-material specifications. Water-based and energy-curable technologies provide suppliers with differentiated pathways for addressing these requirements while maintaining production efficiency. ACTEGA’s 2025 technical documentation for an inline water-based LEP primer, for example, identifies packaging, labels and food-related applications alongside zero-VOC positioning. The strategic consequence is stronger demand for chemistry portfolios that can satisfy regional regulatory requirements without forcing converters to redesign entire production systems.
Finally, packaging complexity is increasing the value of specialized primer engineering. Metallized films, coated papers, high-barrier structures, pressure-sensitive labels and recyclable mono-material formats require distinct adhesion and surface-performance profiles. Suppliers increasingly compete through formulation customization, application laboratories and converter trials. Multifunctional grades that combine adhesion with barrier, water resistance or print receptivity can simplify coating structures and reduce material intensity. This changes the competitive basis from product availability to performance qualification, technical responsiveness and integration into customer process specifications.
Segmentation Analysis
Packaging Primer Market, By Primer Chemistry
Primer chemistry defines the formulation platform selected according to substrate, coating process, regulatory requirements and desired performance. Water-based primers hold the dominant position because they align with lower-emission manufacturing requirements while supporting broad paper, film and foil applications. Solvent-based systems retain relevance where drying speed, demanding adhesion and established high-speed converting infrastructure determine purchasing decisions. UV-curable primers serve specialized digital and high-speed printing requirements, while other primers cover wax, specialty and hybrid chemistries. The fastest-growing opportunity sits in advanced water-based and energy-curable formulations, where environmental performance and line efficiency converge. Buyer preference is increasingly based on total process performance rather than chemistry cost alone.
Packaging Primer Market, By Resin Type
Resin architecture determines adhesion, flexibility, chemical resistance, barrier behavior and compatibility with downstream coatings. Acrylic systems provide broad print and surface-adhesion functionality, while polyurethane systems serve applications requiring flexibility and stronger resistance profiles. Polyolefin dispersions are increasingly relevant to polyethylene and polypropylene structures, particularly where recyclable flexible packaging is being engineered. Epoxy and other specialty resins remain important for demanding metal, chemical-resistance and high-performance applications. Acrylic and polyurethane platforms retain the broadest commercial coverage, while polyolefin dispersion technologies represent a high-priority development area as mono-material packaging expands. Procurement teams increasingly assess resin selection through substrate compatibility, coating weight, drying requirements and finished-package performance.
Packaging Primer Market, By Substrate
Substrate selection creates a distinct technical requirement because plastic films, paperboard, aluminum foil and glass present different surface-energy, adhesion and conversion characteristics. Plastic film represents the largest commercial substrate pool due to extensive flexible packaging and label applications. Paper and paperboard are gaining strategic importance as fiber-based packaging expands, while aluminum requires primers supporting metallization, barrier integrity and adhesion. Glass remains a specialized category where surface treatment and coating compatibility determine demand. The fastest-growing opportunity is associated with substrates involved in recyclable and downgauged packaging structures. Suppliers with multi-substrate portfolios have an advantage because converters increasingly seek fewer qualified vendors across multiple packaging lines.
Packaging Primer Market, By Packaging Format
Flexible packaging represents the dominant format because primers are extensively used to support printing, lamination, extrusion coating and metallization across multilayer structures. Rigid packaging requires specialized surface adhesion and protection, while labels and sleeves increasingly demand primer technologies optimized for digital and conventional printing. Folding cartons and corrugated packaging create additional demand for print-receptive formulations. Flexible packaging remains the largest segment, while labels and sleeves represent the fastest-growing specialty opportunity due to SKU proliferation, digital printing and short-run production. Buyers prioritize primer grades that maintain adhesion and print quality at commercial line speeds without compromising downstream converting or package appearance.
Packaging Primer Market, By Functional Role
Functional classification separates primers according to the primary performance outcome purchased by converters. Print adhesion primers improve ink anchorage and image durability; lamination and extrusion primers establish reliable interfaces between dissimilar layers; barrier-enhancement grades contribute moisture, oxygen, aroma or grease resistance; surface-protection formulations improve water, chemical or abrasion resistance; and specialty functional primers address combinations of these requirements. Print adhesion remains a major application base, while multifunctional barrier and adhesion systems represent the fastest-growing opportunity because they can simplify packaging structures. Procurement increasingly favors products that deliver multiple performance attributes at controlled coating weights, improving material efficiency and reducing process complexity.
Packaging Primer Market, By Application Process
Flexographic and gravure processes represent established high-volume routes because they dominate conventional packaging printing and coating. Digital printing is expanding its strategic role as brand owners require shorter runs, customization and rapid SKU changes. Coating and lamination processes remain essential where primer application is integrated with extrusion or multilayer conversion. Flexographic application maintains broad commercial coverage, while digital printing represents the fastest-growing process opportunity. Buyers increasingly evaluate compatibility with specific press architectures, drying systems and inline priming units. The result is greater collaboration between primer suppliers, press manufacturers and converters during product qualification, with technical validation becoming part of the purchasing cycle.
Packaging Primer Market, By End Use
Food and beverage packaging represents the largest end-use category because packaging integrity, print durability, barrier performance and regulatory compliance directly affect product protection and shelf presentation. Pharmaceutical and healthcare packaging requires stringent material qualification, while personal care and cosmetics emphasize visual quality, premium finishes and substrate versatility. Household and industrial packaging prioritize chemical resistance, durability and functional protection. Food and beverage retains the broadest demand base, while pharmaceutical and healthcare applications represent a high-value growth area due to stringent performance and compliance requirements. End users increasingly influence formulation specifications indirectly through brand-owner packaging standards, sustainability targets and approved-material lists.
Packaging Primer Market, By Region
North America maintains the leading regional position, supported by mature converting infrastructure, sophisticated packaging specifications and strong demand for advanced coatings. Europe emphasizes recyclability, emissions control and circular packaging design, increasing demand for compliant water-based and multifunctional technologies. Asia Pacific combines large-scale packaging production with expanding flexible packaging and digital-conversion capacity, creating the strongest volume expansion opportunity. Latin America benefits from food, beverage and consumer packaging conversion, although procurement remains more price-sensitive. Middle East & Africa presents developing opportunities around food packaging, industrial conversion and regional manufacturing capacity. Asia Pacific represents the fastest-growing regional opportunity as packaging production capacity, urban consumption and modern converting technologies expand.
Strategic Market Snapshot
The commercial structure is shifting toward higher-value primer formulations engineered around specific packaging architectures. Commodity formulations remain important for high-volume applications, but supplier differentiation increasingly depends on adhesion reliability, regulatory documentation, substrate breadth and technical support. Flexible packaging remains the central demand engine, while digital labels, recyclable paper structures and mono-material packaging provide emerging specification opportunities.
Competitive positioning is also moving closer to the converter production line. Application laboratories, trial support and local technical teams reduce qualification friction and strengthen customer retention. Multifunctional primers are particularly attractive because they can combine adhesion, barrier and surface-performance requirements within fewer coating layers.
The strategic market outlook therefore favors suppliers capable of combining chemistry innovation with process engineering. Procurement organizations are increasingly evaluating lifecycle performance, compliance exposure, material efficiency and production uptime alongside purchase price.
Value Chain, Cost Structure & Procurement Intelligence
The value chain begins with resin, polymer, solvent, additive and functional-material suppliers before formulation, blending, quality testing and packaging. Distribution then connects manufacturers with converters, printers, laminators and packaging-material producers. Cost structures are influenced by resin chemistry, specialty additives, energy requirements, batch scale, regulatory testing, packaging format and technical-service intensity.
Procurement cycles are generally longer for specialized grades because converters require laboratory testing, pilot trials and production-line qualification before commercial approval. Pricing therefore reflects more than chemical input costs. Suppliers providing formulation customization, local inventory and troubleshooting support can command stronger customer relationships.
Implementation complexity is highest where primers are integrated into high-speed printing, extrusion or lamination lines. Drying capacity, coating weight, substrate treatment and equipment configuration directly affect operating efficiency. Michelman’s portfolio illustrates the breadth of application-specific requirements across extrusion, metallization, print receptivity and multifunctional performance.
Market Restraints & Regulatory Challenges
Regulatory compliance remains a principal constraint because packaging materials used around food, pharmaceuticals and consumer products require controlled formulations and documented material suitability. VOC restrictions, migration requirements, chemical restrictions and recyclability expectations increase qualification costs and extend product-development timelines. Interoperability between primer chemistry and inks, adhesives, coatings and substrates also creates technical risk.
Deployment resistance arises when converters must modify coating equipment, drying systems or process parameters to accommodate a new formulation. Switching suppliers therefore involves qualification costs and production-risk considerations. Enterprise buyers increasingly mitigate these risks through approved-vendor lists, technical trials, regulatory documentation and multi-region supply validation.
Market Opportunities & Outlook 2026–2035
The strongest opportunities center on chemistry that enables packaging redesign rather than simply improving conventional adhesion. Enterprise AI expansion is indirectly influencing the category through automated formulation screening, predictive quality analysis and faster technical-service workflows. Workflow automation is improving trial management, production monitoring and defect detection across converting operations.
Vertical specialization will increase as pharmaceutical, food, beverage and premium consumer packaging demand distinct compliance and performance profiles. Multilingual deployment of digital printing systems and regional packaging production will expand the need for primers compatible with varied substrates and press configurations. Customer engagement transformation is also strengthening the role of digital labels, short-run packaging and variable-data printing. Primers engineered for these environments create differentiated value by improving print receptivity and process reliability. Michelman and Sun Chemical developments demonstrate the movement toward primers designed around digital press ecosystems and specialized label applications.
Regional & Country-Level Strategic Insights
North America remains the leading regional market because converters operate within mature packaging ecosystems with sophisticated technical specifications. The United States represents the primary commercial center, supported by food, beverage, healthcare, labels and flexible packaging demand. Procurement emphasizes compliance, performance consistency and supplier technical support.
Europe is shaped by sustainability regulation, recyclability requirements and circular-design priorities. Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy maintain substantial converting and printing capabilities, while Nordic and Benelux markets reinforce demand for lower-impact coating technologies. Suppliers with documented environmental credentials and recycling-compatible formulations gain stronger specification relevance.
Asia Pacific represents the most dynamic manufacturing environment. China, India, Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia combine packaging production capacity with expanding digital printing and flexible packaging conversion. China alone was valued at USD 619.6 million in 2025 in one published market assessment, demonstrating the scale of regional opportunity.
Latin America is supported by food, beverage, personal care and consumer-goods packaging, with Brazil serving as the principal production hub. Cost optimization and supply reliability remain important procurement criteria.
Middle East & Africa present developing opportunities as regional packaging manufacturing, food processing and consumer-product production expand. Local technical support and dependable distribution remain important competitive differentiators.
Technology, Innovation & Derivative Trends
Generative AI is entering the broader coatings ecosystem through formulation development, technical-document processing, customer-service automation and predictive experimentation. Its value lies in accelerating formulation screening and reducing the time required to identify compatible chemistry combinations.
Multimodal interaction is becoming relevant to technical support because packaging engineers increasingly combine formulation data, substrate specifications, production images and quality information when troubleshooting. Retrieval-augmented generation can connect technical-service teams with approved formulation libraries, regulatory documents and application histories.
Conversational analytics is also strengthening commercial intelligence by organizing converter feedback, trial outcomes and recurring performance issues. API interoperability enables primer suppliers to connect laboratory information systems, production data and customer qualification workflows. Enterprise orchestration then links formulation development, compliance, technical service and sales operations.
The most important technological direction is not replacement of formulation expertise but better integration of data across the development-to-production cycle. Digital printing primers provide a clear example because formulation performance is increasingly tied to specific press configurations and inline application architectures.
Competitive Landscape Overview
Competition centers on formulation breadth, application expertise, regulatory capability, geographic supply coverage and converter qualification. Global chemical and coatings suppliers compete with specialized primer formulators and packaging-ink companies that possess strong relationships with converters and printing operations. Product portfolios increasingly combine water-based, solvent-based and energy-curable technologies to address diverse process requirements.
Pricing structures vary according to chemistry complexity, volume, technical-service requirements and regulatory qualification. Commodity grades remain price-sensitive, while specialized digital, barrier and multifunctional primers compete through performance economics.
Deployment specialization is becoming an important differentiator. Suppliers supporting extrusion, metallization, flexographic printing, gravure, digital printing and labels can capture broader customer programs. Integration capability also matters as converters prefer suppliers able to coordinate primers with inks, adhesives, coatings and equipment. Sun Chemical’s integrated labels-and-packaging portfolio illustrates this movement toward broader technical solution sets.
Key Players in the Packaging Primer Market
The competitive field includes diversified chemical companies, packaging-coating specialists, ink manufacturers and independent formulation suppliers. The following companies represent prominent participants across primer chemistry, packaging coatings, printing and specialty materials.
- PPG Industries, Inc.
- Akzo Nobel N.V.
- BASF SE
- DIC Corporation
- Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA
- Sun Chemical Corporation
- Michelman, Inc.
- ACTEGA
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- hubergroup
- Wacker Chemie AG
- Arkema S.A.
- H.B. Fuller Company
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Paramelt B.V.
Recent Developments
Recent activity centers on digital-print qualification, water-based chemistry, recyclable packaging and integrated technical solutions. Product development is increasingly tied to specific substrates, printing architectures and circular-packaging requirements.
- September 2026 — Sun Chemical showcased digital primers, coatings, adhesives and related consumables for narrow-web, tag and label applications at LOUPE Americas, reinforcing an integrated technical-solutions strategy.
- October 2025 — ACTEGA updated technical documentation for ACTDigi LEP Primer AQ1310462, a water-based inline primer for labels and flexible packaging applications.
- September 2025 — Sun Chemical introduced SunEvo EV-LWR09 WB LEP Primer Labels for HP Indigo label presses, expanding qualified primer availability for multiple packaging substrates.
- September 2025 — Michelman advanced development of a DigiPrime Vision primer for HP Indigo 6K and 8K pressure-sensitive label applications, emphasizing runnability and operational flexibility.
- 2025 — Michelman expanded application-specific primer technologies for extrusion, metallization, print receptivity and multifunctional flexible-packaging structures.
- 2025 — Michelman continued development of water-based primer technologies supporting recyclable and compostable packaging structures, strengthening the link between adhesion performance and circular packaging design.
Methodology & Data Credibility
The research framework applies bottom-up modeling supported by market triangulation across packaging-primer production, application demand, converter requirements and supplier capabilities. Demand-side validation incorporates executive interviews with packaging converters, printers, brand-side procurement stakeholders and technical decision-makers. Supply-side validation examines formulation capacity, product portfolios, application laboratories, manufacturing footprints and channel structures.
Cross-region verification reconciles supplier activity, packaging production patterns, technology adoption and regulatory requirements across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. Primary inputs are tested against company disclosures, technical documentation, industry publications and validated commercial intelligence. Segment estimates are structured to prevent double counting across chemistry, resin, substrate, format, function, process and end-use dimensions.
Who Should Read This Report
This report is designed for senior executives and decision-makers operating across packaging materials, coatings, printing, chemicals and converting. It supports strategy leaders evaluating portfolio expansion, procurement teams assessing supplier economics, investors analyzing specialty-material opportunities and product leaders planning next-generation primer technologies.
Packaging converters can use the study to benchmark formulation choices, supplier positioning and technology transitions. Chemical manufacturers can assess white-space opportunities across resin platforms and application processes. Packaging-equipment and printing companies can use the analysis to identify primer technologies aligned with digital and high-speed production environments. Corporate development teams can use the competitive landscape to evaluate capability gaps, technology adjacency and regional expansion opportunities.
What This Report Delivers
The report provides an integrated assessment of global primer demand, formulation structures, substrate requirements, packaging formats, functional applications and end-use markets. It evaluates how sustainability requirements, digital printing, recyclable structures and regulatory constraints are changing supplier selection.
The analysis also provides strategic visibility into procurement behavior, value-chain economics, technical qualification requirements and competitive positioning. Readers receive a structured market forecast supported by bottom-up modeling, demand-side validation, supply-side assessment and cross-region verification.
The segmentation architecture enables users to evaluate commercial opportunities without overlapping product, technology, application and customer classifications. This structure supports strategic planning, portfolio prioritization, investment screening, competitor benchmarking, supplier evaluation and market-entry decisions across the packaging-primer ecosystem.
Packaging Primer Market Report Segmentation
-
- By Primer Chemistry
- Water-Based Primers
- Solvent-Based Primers
- UV-Curable Primers
- Other Primers
- By Resin Type
- Acrylic
- Polyurethane
- Polyolefin Dispersion
- Epoxy
- Other Resins
- By Substrate
- Plastic Film
- Paper & Paperboard
- Aluminum Foil
- Glass
- Other Substrates
- By Packaging Format
- Flexible Packaging
- Rigid Packaging
- Labels & Sleeves
- Folding Cartons
- Corrugated Packaging
- By Functional Role
- Print Adhesion
- Lamination & Extrusion Adhesion
- Barrier Enhancement
- Surface Protection
- Specialty Functionalization
- By Application Process
- Flexographic
- Gravure
- Digital Printing
- Coating & Lamination
- Other Processes
- By End Use
- Food & Beverage
- Pharmaceutical & Healthcare
- Personal Care & Cosmetics
- Household & Industrial
- Other End Uses
- By Primer Chemistry
- By Region
-
- North America: United States, Canada, Mexico
- Europe: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Nordic Countries, Benelux Union, Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific: China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Australia, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia Pacific
- Latin America: Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America
- Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Kuwait, South Africa, Rest of Middle East & Africa